Nelspoort, Western Cape

Nelspoort
Part of the town of Nelspoort in the Karoo
Nelspoort Show map of Western Cape Nelspoort Show map of South Africa Nelspoort Show map of Africa  Nelspoort shown within Western Cape
Coordinates: 32°7′S 23°0′E / 32.117°S 23.000°E / -32.117; 23.000Coordinates: 32°7′S 23°0′E / 32.117°S 23.000°E / -32.117; 23.000
Country	South Africa
Province	Western Cape
District	Central Karoo
Municipality	Beaufort West
Area
• Total	72.04 km2 (27.81 sq mi)
Population (2011)
• Total	1,699
• Density	24/km2 (61/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)
• Black African	17.0%
• Coloured	80.9%
• Indian/Asian	0.8%
• White	0.9%
• Other	0.4%
First languages (2011)
• Afrikaans	90.5%
• Xhosa	2.7%
• English	2.1%
• Sotho	2.1%
• Other	2.7%
Postal code (street)	6973
PO box	6973
Area code	023

Nelspoort is a town located in Beaufort West Local Municipality in the Western Cape, South Africa.

The town of Nelspoort lies at the foot of the Nuweveld Mountains, 50 kilometres north-east of Beaufort West on an old section of the N1 highway. It is nearby to a watercourse, the Salt River, which flows after rains, from the Nuweveld mountains to a seasonal wetland to the south.

The original inhabitants of the area were the indigenous San, whose rock paintings and engravings still adorn the stones in the hills around Nelspoort, especially on the rock faces of Tierkloof. Among the animals depicted in these paintings is a possible Megalotragus, a large animal of a long extinct bovine genus. This suggests that some of the paintings might be at least 10,000 years old.

In the 1700s, waves of semi-nomadic farmers arrived from the Cape. These were the "Trekboers" and the "Griquas", Afrikaans-speaking migrants who inhabited the borderlands of the Cape Colony. In the ensuing century, the area was sporadically farmed, but much of the sparse population remained semi-nomadic.

The actual town of Nelspoort had its origins nearly a century later, when a young Anglo-Italian immigrant, John Molteno, arrived and established a farming business by that name. Over the next few years he built it into an enormous network of sheep farming estates, and eventually became the first Prime Minister of the Cape Colony. Geared towards wool exports, much of the region continued to be farmed by his successors and the Nelspoort farm itself became the nucleus for the growing town.

During the Anglo-Boer War, the British built hundreds of blockhouses in the area to protect their prime railway link, and in 1920 a Sanatorium was opened nearby for patients suffering from Tuberculosis and other pulmonary illnesses. This institution was located here to take advantage of the dry, clean, fresh air of the Karoo mountains, and provided employment for many local villagers. It was a huge success that produced excellent results, with visitors including even the likes of the British royal family. By the 1970s though, tuberculosis was in decline and the sanatorium eventually closed.