Near-close central rounded vowel
| Near-close central rounded vowel | |
|---|---|
| ʊ̈ | |
| ʉ̞ | |
| IPA number | 321 415 |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | ʊ̈ |
| Unicode (hex) | U+028A U+0308 |
| X-SAMPA | U\ or }_o |
| Braille |
  
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IPA help • IPA key • chart •  chart with audio •
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| Near-close central compressed vowel | |
|---|---|
| ʏ̈ | |
| ʏ̵ | |
| ɨ̞͡β̞ | |
| ɨ̞ᵝ |
The near-close central rounded vowel, or near-high central rounded vowel, is a vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The International Phonetic Alphabet can represent this sound in a number of ways (see the box on the right), but the most common symbols are ⟨ʊ̈⟩ (centralized [ʊ]) and ⟨ʉ̞⟩ (lowered [ʉ]) for a protruded vowel, and ⟨ʏ̈⟩ for a compressed vowel.
The third edition of the OED adopted an unofficial extension of the IPA, ⟨ᵿ⟩, that is a conflation of ⟨ʊ⟩ and ⟨ʉ⟩, and represents either [ʊ̈] or free variation between [ʊ] and [ə]. It is also used in a number of other publications, for example the well-known Accents of English written by John C. Wells, or the Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch, one of the most popular pronunciation dictionaries for German.
The IPA prefers terms "close" and "open" for vowels, and the name of the article follows this. However, a large number of linguists, perhaps a majority, prefer the terms "high" and "low".
The near-close central protruded vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as ⟨ʊ̈⟩ or ⟨ʉ̞⟩. This article uses the first symbol. As there is no dedicated diacritic for protrusion in the IPA, symbol for the near-close central rounded vowel with an old diacritic for labialization, ⟨ ̫⟩, can be used as an ad hoc symbol ⟨ʊ̫̈⟩ or ⟨ʉ̫˕⟩ for the near-close central protruded vowel. Another possible transcription is ⟨ʊ̈ʷ⟩, ⟨ʉ̞ʷ⟩, ⟨ɪ̈ʷ⟩ or ⟨ɨ̞ʷ⟩ (a near-close central vowel modified by endolabialization), but this could be misread as a diphthong.
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