National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
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National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland |
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|---|---|
| Leader | Anton Mussert (1931-1945) |
| Founded | 14 December 1931 |
| Dissolved | 6 May 1945 (banned) |
| Succeeded by | None; Banned |
| Headquarters | Utrecht, Netherlands |
| Newspaper | Volk en Vaderland (People & Fatherland) |
| Ideology |
Fascism, Nazism |
| Political position | Far-right |
| International affiliation | N/A |
| Colors | Black, Red |
| Party flag | |
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The National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (Dutch: Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland, Dutch pronunciation: [nɑtsjoːˈnaːl soːʃaːˈlɪstisə bəˈʋeːɣɪŋ ɪn ˈneːdərlɑnt], NSB) was a Dutch fascist and later national socialist political party. As a parliamentary party participating in legislative elections, the NSB had some success during the 1930s. It remained the only legal party in the Netherlands during most of the Second World War.
The NSB was founded in Utrecht in 1931 during a period when several nationalist, fascist and national socialist parties were founded. The founders were Anton Mussert, who became the party's leader, and Cornelis van Geelkerken. The party based its program on Italian fascism and German national socialism, however unlike the latter before 1936 the party was not anti-semitic and even had Jewish members.
In 1933, after a year of building an organization, the party organized its first public meeting, a Landdag in Utrecht which was attended by 600 party militants. Here the party presented itself. After that the party's support began to grow. In the same year the government forbade civil servants to be members of the NSB.
In the provincial elections of 1935 the party gained 8 percent of the votes and two seats in the Senate. This result was achieved against the background of the economic hardship of the Great Depression. Mussert's image as a reliable politician and his pragmatism allowed him to unite the different types of fascism and contributed to the party's success. This was bolstered by the party's strong organization and its political strategy, which was not oriented towards violent revolution but a democratic legal take over of the country. By 1936 the party had begun holding annual mass meetings near Lunteren in Gelderland, and in 1938 it built the Muur van Mussert there, a wall which was supposed to be one element in a set of buildings and monuments inspired by the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg.
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