Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve
| Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve | |
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| Reserva Biológica Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo | |
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IUCN category Ia (strict nature reserve)
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| Nearest city | Alta Floresta Mato Grosso |
| Coordinates | 9°00′47″S 54°41′10″W / 9.013°S 54.686°WCoordinates: 9°00′47″S 54°41′10″W / 9.013°S 54.686°W |
| Area | 342,192 hectares (845,570 acres) |
| Designation | Biological reserve |
| Created | 20 May 2005 |
| Administrator | Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation |
The Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve (Portuguese: Reserva Biológica Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo) is a biological reserve in the state of Pará, Brazil. The reserve protects an area in the transition between the Cerrado and Amazon biomes, supporting highly diverse flora and fauna including many endemic species. It is accessible via the BR-163 highway, and is among the federal conservation units in the Amazon Legal that has suffered most from deforestation.
The Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve has an area of 342,192 hectares (845,570 acres). The reserve covers parts of the municipalities of Altamira and Novo Progresso in the state of Pará. The reserve is adjacent to the BR-163 highway and abuts the Panará and Menkragnoti indigenous territories.
The Serra do Cachimbo complex is partly a continuous mass of mountains with a south west alignment, partly plateau with flat-bottomed valleys. Altitude ranges from 250 to 740 metres (820 to 2,430 ft) above sea level. Erosion has created ridges and ravines. In the northern part there are escarpments along the transition to the peripheral depression of southern Pará, where the rivers descend in rapids and waterfalls such as the Salto do Curuá.
Springs in the reserve form the Cristalino and São Bento rivers, which are in the Tapajós basin. The Água Fria, Flecha, Nilana, Ipiranga, Xixé, Curuaés, Curuá and Iriri rivers are headwaters of the Xingu River. About 11% of the reserve is in the Tapajós basin and the remainder in the Xingu basin.
The Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve is in the Amazon biome. Average annual rainfall is 2,000 millimetres (79 in). Temperatures vary from 18 to 35 °C (64 to 95 °F) with an average of 22 °C (72 °F). The reserve is in a transition region between the Amazon and the Cerrado. In the north the climate is humid tropical, with high temperature and rainfall throughout the year. In the south the climate is tropical, with a dry season. There is a wide range of plant species of sub-montane dense and open rainforest, seasonal and alluvial forest and extensive open areas of Campinarana, besides patches of Rupestre and Buritizais vegetation.
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