Naning War
The Naning War, also known as the Naning conflict or the Naning revolt, occurred between 1831 and 1832 in the territories surrounding the city of Malacca. The conflict was fought between the British East India Company (EIC), which had taken over Malacca and its surrounding lands from the Dutch in 1824, and the Malay chiefdom of Naning which bordered Malacca. Various issues contributed to the conflict. These include the growing British interests in the Malay Peninsula as well as different understanding of the extent of British jurisdiction over and right to impose taxation on Naning. The British defeated Naning following two military expeditions and fully incorporated the territory under Malacca's jurisdiction.
The conflict was one of the earliest intervention by the British in the Malay states. However the high monetary cost of the conflict contributed to the subsequent decision by the British to adopt a less aggressive and military-based approach in dealing with the various Malay states. Instead, they relied on trying to influence the Malay states politically which culminated with the Treaty of Pangkor in 1874 and the introduction of the 'resident system'.Dol Said, the chief (Penghulu) of Naning, has come to be regarded as a nationalist hero in Malaysia today who had stood up to foreign aggression.
Naning was a small inland Malay chiefdom of about 200 sq mi (520 km2) located about 19 mi (31 km) from the town of Malacca, located within the borders of the present-day Masjid Tanah constituency, along the border with Negeri Sembilan. Like its neighboring chiefdoms, it traditionally acknowledged the suzerainty of the Kingdom of Malacca and after Malacca's fall, that of the Sultan of Johor. However, since the 17th century, it had gradually come under the dependency of the Dutch in Malacca. This relationship was formalized in 1757, when the Sultan of Johor ceded his nominal rights of suzerainty over Naning and its neighboring chiefdoms around Malacca to the Dutch. However, Naning's position as a dependency of the Dutch appeared to be more nominal than real. Although the Dutch invaded and forced Naning to sign a treaty in 1643, whereby Naning would pay a yearly tribute of one-tenth of their produce and accept Dutch advice in governing, the treaty was never enforced. By 1765, the Dutch commuted the tenth to a nominal yearly tribute of 400 gantangs of paddy, which was about one one-thousandth of the total crop produced in Naning at that time. The Dutch also did not interfere with the administration of Naning, which was exclusively governed by its traditional Penghulus.
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