Nadan (Nadar subcaste)

Nadans (also referred as Nelamaikkarar and Real Nadar) are a small endogamanous group of aristocratic Nadars from the regions south of the Thamirabarani River. They were used to be invested as tax gatherers by the Nayaks and by the Pandyans before them. They also served as petty lords under the poligars. The Nadans possessed vast tracts of land and were one of the few subcastes among the Nadars to have practiced . The term Nadan literally means lords of the soil.

As hereditary tax collectors, the Nadans held civil authority over the lands in their control. The Nadar climbers were totally dependent on these powerful land lords and treated them with great respect. In the regions dominated by the Nadans, even the Vellalar accountant or the Brahmin priest would alike show deference to the position of the Nadan lords. They rode horses and would buy slaves to work in their houses, inorder to retain their proud customs. The Nadan women followed strict gosha,revealing themselves only to the men of their own house hold, and rode in covered palanquins. The oldest and highest Nadans were the Adityans of Kayamozhi. The Adityans claimed they were the descendants of Surya, the sun god. The Adityans also had special rights at the Siva temple in Thiruchendur. The Adityan family also constructed one of the pavilions of the Siva temple. They usually donated the huge wooden car to the temple and in return were given the privilege to be the first to touch the rope which would pull the car through the streets during festival times.

Despite their great wealth and power the Nadans, however, were considered as a portion of the greater class of Nadars and were denied entrance into temples built by higher castes. The Nadans shared the pollution of the lowest climbers. However, the Nadans themselves owned many Hindu temples in Southeastern Tirunelveli. The Nadans would not enter Hindu temples built by higher castes until the issue was solved through movements and legislations. They claim that they were stripped of their rights and privileges due to the Nayak invasion. The Nadar community was then divided into different opposing groups, with each Nadar climber owing allegiance to a Nadan family. The control of the lands may pass from one Nadan to another, but the climbers, however, remained always with the trees assigned to them.

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