N1 rocket

N1/L3

Function	Manned lunar launch vehicle/Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
Manufacturer	OKB-1
Country of origin	USSR
Size
Height	105 meters (344 ft)
Diameter	17.0 meters (55.8 ft)
Mass	2,750,000 kilograms (6,060,000 lb)
Stages	5
Capacity
Payload to LEO	95,000 kg (209,000 lb)
Payload to TLI	23,500 kg (51,800 lb)
Launch history
Status	Canceled
Launch sites	LC-110, Baikonur
Total launches	4
Successes	0
Failures	4
First flight	21 February 1969
Last flight	23 November 1972
First stage - Block A
Diameter	17.0 m (55.8 ft)
Engines	30 NK-15
Thrust	45,400 kN (10,200,000 lbf)
Specific impulse	3.24 kN·s/kg (330 s)
Burn time	125 s
Fuel	RP-1/LOX
Second stage - Block B
Engines	8 NK-15V
Thrust	14,040 kN (3,160,000 lbf)
Specific impulse	3.39 kN·s/kg (346 s)
Burn time	120 s
Fuel	RP-1/LOX
Third stage - Block V
Engines	4 NK-21
Thrust	1,610 kN (360,000 lbf)
Specific impulse	3.46 kN·s/kg (353 s)
Burn time	370 seconds
Fuel	RP-1/LOX
Fourth stage (N1/L3) - Block G (Earth departure)
Engines	1 NK-19
Thrust	446 kN (100,000 lbf)
Specific impulse	3.46 kN·s/kg (353 s)
Burn time	443 s
Fuel	RP-1/LOX

The N1 (Russian: Н1, from Ракета-носитель, Raketa-Nositel, carrier) was a super heavy-lift launch vehicle intended to deliver payloads beyond low Earth orbit, acting as the Soviet counterpart to the US Saturn V. It was designed with crewed extra-orbital travel in mind. Development work started on the N1 in 1959. Its first stage is the most powerful rocket stage ever built.

The N1-L3 version was developed to compete with the United States Apollo-Saturn V to land a man on the Moon, using the same lunar orbit rendezvous method. The basic N1 launch vehicle had three stages, which was to carry the L3 lunar payload into low Earth orbit with two cosmonauts. The L3 contained an Earth departure stage; another stage used for mid-course corrections, lunar orbit insertion, and powered descent initiation; a single-pilot LK Lander spacecraft; and a two-pilot Soyuz 7K-LOK lunar orbital spacecraft for return to Earth. The Apollo spacecraft was able to carry three astronauts (landing two on the Moon), and did not require the extra two rocket stages.

N1-L3 was underfunded and rushed, starting development in October 1965, almost four years after the Saturn V. The project was badly derailed by the death of its chief designer Sergei Korolev in 1966. Each of the four attempts to launch an N1 failed; during the second launch attempt the N1 rocket crashed back onto its launch pad shortly after liftoff and exploded, resulting in one of the largest artificial non-nuclear explosions in human history. The N1 program was suspended in 1974, and in 1976 was officially canceled. Along with the rest of the Soviet manned lunar programs, the N1 was kept secret almost until the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991; information about the N1 was first published in 1989.

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Wikipedia