Musa Cälil

Mussa Jalil موسا ﺟﮫليل Musa Çəlil Муса Җәлил Musa Cälil
Musa Cälil with his daughter Çulpan
Born	(1906-02-15)February 15, 1906 Mustafino, Orenburg Governorate, Russian Empire
Died	August 25, 1944(1944-08-25) (aged 38) Plötzensee, Nazi Germany
Occupation	Poet, playwright, journalist, editor, resistance fighter
Nationality	Tatar
Period	Interwar period
Notable awards
Spouse	Äminä Zalyalova
Children	Çulpan Zalyalova

Musa Cälil (pronounced [muˈsɑ ʑæˈlil]; Arabic: موسا ﺟﮫليل; Jaꞑalif: Musa Çəlil; Cyrillic: Муса Җәлил; full name: Musa Mostafa ulı Cälilev, Cyrillic: Муса Мостафа улы Җәлилев; Russian: Муса Джалиль, Муса Мустафович Залялов, Musa Dzhalil, Musa Mustafovich Zalyalov, also anglicized as Mussa Jalil [muˈsɑ dʒæˈlil]; February 15, 1906 – August 25, 1944) was a Soviet Tatar poet and resistance fighter. He is the only poet of the Soviet Union who was simultaneously awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union award for his resistance fighting, and the Lenin Prize for authoring The Moabit Notebooks; both the awards were awarded to him posthumously.

Musa Cälil was born in Mustafino, a village in Orenburg Governorate, in the family of Junkman. He graduated from Husainiya Madrasa () in Orenburg. His first published works were revolutionary verses. The Turkic poetic tradition of aruz traced in Cälil's early works, which attributed to Ghisyanism, a style of revolt, found in the Tatar poetry of the early 1920s. In 1919, he entered the underground Komsomol cell of Orenburg, which was under the control Whites that time. Then, Musa participated in the Russian Civil War against pro-White gangs, but due to his nonage he didn't fight at the front, but in a Red Army unit. In 1920, Cälil returned to his native village, establishing the pro-Communist youth organization The Red Flower there. He also became a Komsomol activist in Mustafino. He represented his village at the governorate Komsomol conference.