Multifidus spinae

Multifidus muscle
Deep muscles of the back. (Multifidus shaded in red.)
Sacrum, dorsal surface. (Multifidus attachment outlined in red.)
Details
Origin	Sacrum, Erector spinae Aponeurosis, PSIS, and Iliac crest
Insertion	spinous process
Nerve	Posterior branches
Actions	Provides proprioceptive feedback and input due to high muscle spindle density; Bilateral backward extension, unilateral side-bending to the ipsilateral side and rotation to the contralateral side
Identifiers
Latin	Musculus multifidus spinae
Dorlands /Elsevier	m_22/12549804
TA	A04.3.02.202
FMA	22827
Anatomical terms of muscle []

The multifidus (multifidus spinae : pl. multifidi ) muscle consists of a number of fleshy and tendinous fasciculi, which fill up the groove on either side of the spinous processes of the vertebrae, from the sacrum to the axis. While very thin, the multifidus muscle plays an important role in stabilizing the joints within the spine.

Located just superficially to the spine itself, the multifidus muscle spans three joint segments and works to stabilize these joints at each level.

The stiffness and stability makes each vertebra work more effectively, and reduces the degeneration of the joint structures caused by friction from normal physical activity.

These fasciculi arise:

Each fasciculus, passing obliquely upward and medially, is inserted into the whole length of the spinous process of one of the vertebræ above.

These fasciculi vary in length: the most superficial, the longest, pass from one vertebra to the third or fourth above; those next in order run from one vertebra to the second or third above; while the deepest connect two contiguous vertebrae.

The multifidus lies deep relative to the Spinal Erectors, Transverse Abdominus, Abdominal internal oblique muscle and Abdominal external oblique muscle.

Dysfunction in the lumbar multifidus muscles is strongly associated with low back pain. The dysfunction may be a result of pain inhibition from the spine, often following injury, and tends to continue after the pain has resolved, likely contributing to the high recurrence rate of low back pain. Persistent lumbar multifidus dysfunction is identified by atrophic replacement of the multifidus with fat, which can be visualized utilizing magnetic resonance imaging.

The posterior divisions of the sacral nerves.

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)