Mourning portraits

A mourning portrait or deathbed portrait is a portrait of a person who has recently died, usually shown on their deathbed, or lying in repose, displayed for mourners. Though it seems like a morbid subject now, these were not rare in European homes of well-to-do people as a way of remembering and honoring the dead. Generally the name of the painter is unknown. Generally people were laid out in their best clothes with some sort of special headdress, and some sort of token in their hands. Today these portraits give insights into old funeral customs, but also various types of information regarding folk costumes. In the 19th century post-mortem photography continued the tradition.

Recent research on deathbed portraits, which can be found also in prints and photographs up to today, shows that they became popular after the Protestant Reformation but were never treasured as family heirlooms in the same way as other artworks and thus relatively few early examples such as this one have survived. As a continuous art form, laying out traditions did not go away and photography has continued to preserve the deathbed portrait, though such photos were meant for mourners and did not find their way into photo albums.

In the Netherlands, complicated wreaths of greens were placed around the heads of unmarried people, who were mostly children. In Dutch such a wreath is called a "hoedje" (little hat) and this is part of the general body decoration called "pelen". The word "pelen" is related to the English word "pall", as in "pallbearer", which in funeral contexts refers to the cloth (sometimes a flag) over the body or casket.

Deathbed portrait of Toropets, by anonymous 19th-century Russian painter

Deathbed portrait of Christian IV, King of Denmark, by Berent Hilwaetz, 1650

Deathbed portrait of William the Silent, by Christiaen Jansz van Bieselingen, 1584

Portrait of a dead child wearing a mourning wreath around its head, by Jan Jansz. de Stomme, 1654

An example of this type of portrait is the Mourning portrait of K. Horvath-Stansith, née Kiss, an 1680s painting by an anonymous Baroque artist in the Slovak National Gallery.

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Wikipedia