Monticellite
| Monticellite-Kirschsteinite | |
|---|---|
Sharp, freestanding monticellite crystals to over 1 cm, perched on semilustrous brown vesuvianite (idocrase) crystals
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| General | |
| Category | Nesosilicate |
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Formula (repeating unit) |
Ca(Mg,Fe)SiO4 |
| Strunz classification | 9.AC.10 |
| Crystal system | Orthorhombic |
| Crystal class | Dipyramidal (mmm) H-M symbol: (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Space group | Pbnm |
| Identification | |
| Colour | colourless or grey |
| Cleavage | {010} |
| Mohs scale hardness | 5.5 |
| Specific gravity | 3.05 – 3.27 |
| Refractive index | α = 1.638 – 1.654, β = 1.646 – 1.664, γ = 1.650 – 1.674 |
| Melting point | 1503 °C |
| References | |
Monticellite and kirschsteinite are gray silicate minerals of the olivine group with compositions CaMgSiO4 and CaFeSiO4, respectively. Most monticellites have the pure magnesium end-member composition but rare ferroan monticellites and magnesio-kirschsteinite are found with between 30 and 75 mol.% of the iron end member. Pure kirschsteinite is only found in synthetic systems. Monticellite is named after Teodoro Monticelli Italian mineralogist (1759–1845).
Like other members of the group monticellite and kirschsteinite have orthorhombic unit cells (space group Pbnm) shown in Figure 1. Iron and magnesium ions are located on the M1 inversion sites and calcium ions occupy the M2 site on mirror planes. The unit cell is somewhat larger than for the calcium free olivines forsterite and fayalite with
and for monticellite
The atomic scale structure of olivine looking along the a axis. Oxygen is shown in red, silicon in pink, and Mg, Fe and Ca in blue. A projection of the unit cell is shown by the black rectangle.
Colourless crystals of kirschsteinite
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