The formal fallacy of the modal fallacy is a special type of fallacy that occurs in modal logic. It is the fallacy of placing a proposition in the wrong modal scope, specifically inferring that because something is true, it is necessarily true.
In modal logic, a proposition can be necessarily true or false (denoted and , respectively), meaning that it is logically necessary that it is true or false; or it could be possibly true or false (denoted and ), meaning that it is true or false, but it is not logically necessary that it is so: its truth or falseness is contingent. The modal fallacy occurs when there is a confusion of the distinction between the two.