Mindanao Deep

The Philippine Trench (also Philippine Deep, Mindanao Trench, and Mindanao Deep) is a submarine trench to the east of the Philippines. The trench is located in the Philippine sea of the western North Pacific Ocean and continues NNW-SSE It has a length of approximately 1,320 kilometres (820 miles) and a width of about 30 km (19 mi) from the center of the Philippine island of Luzon trending southeast to the northern Maluku island of Halmahera in Indonesia.

Immediately to the north of the Philippine Trench is the East Luzon Trench. They are separated, with their continuity interrupted and displaced, by Benham Plateau on the Philippine Sea Plate.

The Philippine trench is hypothesized to be younger than 8-9 million years ago. The central part of the Philippine fault formed during the times is considered to be an active depression of the earth’s crust. The trench formed from a collision between the Palawan and Zamboanga plates. This caused a change in geological processes going from a convergent zone to a subduction zone. The subduction zone is located west to east of the Philippine Islands. The rate of subduction on these plates is estimated to be about 15 cm per year. A convergent zone borders an estimate of 45% of the Philippine Trench today. Although there are vast regions of subduction zones, until 2012, there has been no recorded large earthquake activity since the 1600s. This region is considered to have low seismic activity however, in 2012 the Philippine Trench experienced an earthquake of M_w 7.6. The earthquake hit the trench at 10.838°N, 126.704°E, with a hypocenter depth of 34.9 km. Areas adjacent to the subduction zones however, have experienced large seismic activity. In 1897 northern Samae experienced a M_s 7.3 earthquake and in 1924 south east of Mindanao experienced a M_s 8.2 earthquake.

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