Mikhael Gorbachev

Mikhail Gorbachev Михаил Горбачёв GCL
President of the Soviet Union
In office 15 March 1990 – 25 December 1991
Prime Minister	Nikolai Ryzhkov Valentin Pavlov Ivan Silayev
Vice President	Gennady Yanayev
Preceded by	Himself as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Succeeded by	Position abolished
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
In office 10 March 1985 – 24 August 1991
Deputy	Vladimir Ivashko
Preceded by	Konstantin Chernenko
Succeeded by	Vladimir Ivashko (acting)
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
In office 25 May 1989 – 15 March 1990
Deputy	Anatoly Lukyanov
Preceded by	Himself as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Succeeded by	Anatoly Lukyanov (executive abilities transferred to President)
Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
In office 1 October 1988 – 25 May 1989
Preceded by	Andrei Gromyko
Succeeded by	Himself as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Personal details
Born	Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (1931-03-02) 2 March 1931 (age 87) Privolnoye, North Caucasus Krai, Russian SFSR, USSR
Nationality	Russian
Political party	Soviet Communist (1950–91) Independent (1991–2001; 2004–07; 2014–) Russian Social Democratic (2001–04) Union of Social Democrats (2007–14)
Spouse(s)	Raisa Gorbachova (m. 1953; d. 1999)
Children	Irina Mikhailovna Virganskaya
Education	Law
Alma mater	Moscow State University
Signature
Website	Gorby.ru/en
Central institution membership 1980–1991: Full member, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th Politburo 1979–1980: Candidate member, 25th Politburo 1978–1991: Member, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th Secretariat 1971–1991: Full member, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th Central Committee Other offices held 2001–2004: Chairman, Social Democratic Party of Russia 1985–1991: Chairman, Defense Council 1970–1978: First Secretary, Stavropol Regional Committee Leader of the Soviet Union ← Chernenko Last leader

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, GCL (US: /ˈɡɔːrbəˌtʃɑːv/,UK: /ˈɡɔːbəˌtʃɒf/; Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв, IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil sʲɪrˈɡʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ɡərbɐˈtɕɵf] ( listen); born 2 March 1931) is a Russian and former Soviet politician. He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, having been General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. He was the country's head of state from 1988 until 1991 (titled as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and as President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991).