Miglitol

Miglitol

Clinical data
Trade names	Glyset
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a601079
License data	US FDA: Miglitol
Pregnancy category	AU: B3 US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Routes of administration	By mouth (tablets)
ATC code	A10BF02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Dose-dependent
Protein binding	Negligible (<4.0%)
Metabolism	Nil
Biological half-life	2 hours
Excretion	Renal (95%)
Identifiers
IUPAC name (2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol
CAS Number	72432-03-2 Y
PubChem CID	441314
IUPHAR/BPS	4842
DrugBank	DB00491 Y
ChemSpider	390074 Y
UNII	0V5436JAQW
KEGG	D00625 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1561 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.069.670
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C8H17NO5
Molar mass	207.224 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
Density	1.458 g/cm3
Melting point	114 °C (237 °F)
SMILES OCCN1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C1)CO
InChI InChI=1S/C8H17NO5/c10-2-1-9-3-6(12)8(14)7(13)5(9)4-11/h5-8,10-14H,1-4H2/t5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1 Y Key:IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N Y

Miglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to break down complex carbohydrates into glucose. It is primarily used in diabetes mellitus type 2 for establishing greater glycemic control by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) into monosaccharides which can be absorbed by the body.

Miglitol, and other structurally-related iminosugars, inhibit glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect. Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a person's diet.

In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.