Midian (/ˈmɪdiən/; Hebrew: מִדְיָן), Madyan (Arabic: مَـدْيَـن), or Madiam (Greek: Μαδιάμ) is a geographical place and the Midianites a people mentioned in the Torah and Qur’an. Scholars generally consider it to have been located in the "northwest Arabian Peninsula, on the east shore of the Gulf of Aqaba on the Red Sea", and have long associated it with the region of Modiana reported in that same area by Ptolemy.
According to Genesis, the Midianites were the descendants of Midian, who was a son of Abraham and his wife Keturah: "… again Abraham took a wife, and her name was Keturah. And she bare him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah" (Genesis 25:1–2, King James Version). The Midianites are also thought to be related to the Qenites (or Kenites), since the terms are used interchangeably in the Hebrew Bible. Moses' brother-in-law or father-in-law was a Qenite.