Michael Foulkes
| Sigmund Henry Foulkes | |
|---|---|
| Born |
Siegmund Heinrich Fuchs 3 September 1898 Karlsruhe, German Empire |
| Died | 8 July 1976 (aged 77) London |
| Cause of death | cardiac thrombosis |
| Nationality | British |
| Other names | Michael |
| Education | Heidelberg University, Munich University, Frankfurt University, Vienna Psychoanalytic Society |
| Occupation | Medical practitioner, Psychoanalyst, Group analyst and trainer |
| Employer | St Bartholomew's Hospital |
| Known for | Pioneer in Group psychology and Group analysis |
| Spouse(s) | Erna Foulkes |
| Children | 3 |
S. H. Foulkes (/fʊks/, Siegmund Heinrich Fuchs, German: [fʊks]) (born in Karlsruhe, Germany 3 September 1898, died in London 8 July 1976), was a German-British psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. He developed a theory of group behaviour that led to his founding of group analysis, a variant of group therapy. He initiated the Group Analytic Society, and the Institute of Group Analysis (IGA) in London. In 1933, owing to his Jewish descent, Foulkes had emigrated to England. In 1938, he was granted British citizenship and changed his name to S. H. Foulkes.
Foulkes studied medicine at the universities of Heidelberg, Munich and Frankfurt am Main, where he graduated in 1923. He undertook further studies in psychiatry with Otto Pötzl in Vienna and in neurology with Kurt Goldstein, whose assistant he was for two years. During that time he first encountered Gestalt psychology which influenced his later work with groups. His interest in psychological problems led him to Freud's writings and ultimately to a training analysis in Vienna with Helene Deutsch. His training supervisor was Hermann Nunberg. As part of his schooling he attended seminars led by Wilhelm Reich. In 1930 he joined the newly formed Frankfurt Psychoanalytic Institute, where he was appointed the director of the Clinic. He shared the building with the famous Institute of Sociology with whose members he came into contact and who at that time included, Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno, Erich Fromm and Herbert Marcuse. He was, besides, a personal friend of the sociologist, Norbert Elias, and their collaboration would later become a profound influence on his therapeutic concepts. Among others he drew from him basic concepts like the primary socialisation of the individual, his need to belong to a group and his attachment to a transpersonal and cultural matrix.
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