Mezquital Valley
The Mezquital Valley (Otomi: B’ot’ähi) is a series of small valleys and flat areas located in Central Mexico, about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Mexico City, located in the western part of the state of Hidalgo. It is part of the central Mexican highlands, with altitudes between 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) and 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) above sea level. It is one of Mexico's main semi-arid/area regions, whose native vegetation is dominated by cactus species, mesquite trees, and maguey with pine and oak trees in the highest elevations. It is considered to be part of the northern extension of Mesoamerica, with one major archeological site, Tula, which was the main city of the Toltecs, an important influence for the later Aztecs, this area was on two important Aztec tribute regions, Teotlalpan and Jilotepec Province. However, from the Aztec period to the 20th century, it was sparsely populated and very poor, with one main indigenous ethnicity, the Otomis. In the 20th century, irrigation works were created to take advantage of the water in the Tula River, along with wastewater drained from the Valley of Mexico for agriculture. Today the valley produces various grains and produce, including one-quarter of all green chili peppers grown in Mexico.
The Mezquital Valley is located in the central Mexican Highlands about 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of Mexico City. It covers 7,000 km2 (2,700 sq mi) in the west of the state of Hidalgo and small portions extending into the State of Mexico and Querétaro. With an altitude of between 1,700 and 2,100 m (5,600 and 6,900 ft) above sea level, it is part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. The valley consists of smaller valleys such as the Actopan, Ixmiquilpan, and the Tasquillo, along with some flatlands. What unifies the region is its waterways, such as the Tula and Alfajayucan rivers, as well as streams such as the Alfajayucan, Arroyo Zarco, Rosas and Salado, as well as history and culture.
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