Mesalamine

Mesalazine
Clinical data

Trade names	Many names worldwide, including Azacol, Lialda, Pentasa, and Apriso
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a688021
License data	US DailyMed: 47586
Pregnancy category	US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Routes of administration	oral, rectal
ATC code	A07EC02 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	orally: 20–30% absorbed rectally: 10–35%
Metabolism	Rapidly & extensively metabolised intestinal mucosal wall and the liver
Biological half-life	5 hours after initial dose. At steady state 7 hours
Identifiers
IUPAC name 5-Amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
CAS Number	89-57-6^Y
PubChem (CID)	4075
IUPHAR/BPS	2700
DrugBank	DB00244^Y
ChemSpider	3933^Y
UNII	4Q81I59GXC^Y
KEGG	D00377^Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:6775^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL704^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.745
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₇H₇NO₃
Molar mass	153.135 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=C(O)c1cc(ccc1O)N
InChI InChI=1S/C7H7NO3/c8-4-1-2-6(9)5(3-4)7(10)11/h1-3,9H,8H2,(H,10,11)^Y Key:KBOPZPXVLCULAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y

Mesalazine (INN, BAN), also known as mesalamine (USAN) or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), is an aminosalicylate anti-inflammatory drug used to treat inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis, or inflamed anus or rectum, and to maintain remission in Crohn's disease.

It is sold in an oral form to maintain remission in Crohn's disease, and as a rectal suppository and an enema for the lower bowel conditions. It is generic and sold under many brand names worldwide, and there are many formulations.

There are no data on use in pregnant women, but the drug does cross the placenta and is excreted in breast milk. The drug should not be used in children under two, people with kidney disease, or people who are allergic to aspirin.

Side effects are primary gastrointestinal but may include headache; GI effects include nausea, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. There have been scattered reports of various problems when the oral form is used, including problems caused by myelosuppression (leukopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, and thrombocytopenia, as well as hair loss, peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, liver problems, myocarditis and pericarditis, allergic and fibrotic lung reactions, lupus erythematosus-like reactions and rash (including urticaria), drug fever, interstitial nephritis and nephrotic syndrome, usually reversible on withdrawal. Very rarely, use of mesalazine has been associated with an exacerbation of the symptoms of colitis, Stevens Johnson syndrome and erythema multiforme.

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