Mataram conquest of Surabaya

Mataram conquest of Surabaya
Date 1614–1625 Location central and eastern Java and Madura, primarily in northeastern coast of Java Result Mataram decisive victory Mataram domination in central and eastern Java
Belligerents
Mataram Sultanate	Duchy of Surabaya Allies: Tuban Pasuruan Wirasaba Lasem Sukadana Madura Pajang (in rebellion against Mataram) others
Commanders and leaders
Sultan Agung of Mataram Tumenggung Mangun Oneng (1625)	Jayalengkara, Duke of Surabaya Pangeran Pekik of Surabaya

Duchy of Surabaya
Allies:

Sultan Agung of Mataram

The Mataram conquest of Surabaya or Mataram-Surabaya War was a military campaign by the Sultanate of Mataram in the early 17th century that resulted in the capture of the Duchy of Surabaya (Kadipaten Surabaya) and its allies in eastern Java, in modern-day Indonesia. Prior to this conquest, Mataram and Surabaya were rivals for power in central and eastern Java. The campaign began in 1614 when Mataram, under the leadership of Sultan Agung, attacked Surabaya's allies, including Wirasaba. Surabaya and its allies launched a counterattack but were defeated near Pajang in 1616. Over the next few years, Mataram gradually conquered members of the Surabayan alliance, and by 1620, the city of Surabaya itself was under siege, holding out until it surrendered in 1625. With this conquest, Mataram unified most of central and eastern Java under its control, and cemented its position as the dominant power in Java. Surabaya and other conquered areas would remain in Mataram's hands until it was ceded to the Dutch East India Company in 1743.

In the latter half of the 16th century, the Sultanate of Demak, the dominant power in the island of Java, disintegrated into several independent states. At the turn of the 17th century, three of these states emerged as the leading powers: the Sultanate of Banten in western Java, the Sultanate of Mataram in inland central Java, and the Duchy of Surabaya in coastal eastern Java. Mataram consolidated its power by absorbing other principalities: Pajang in c. 1588, Demak (1588), Madiun (c. 1590) and Kediri (1591). Following Mataram's unsuccessful westward expedition against Banten in about 1597, Mataram turned its expansion eastward, into areas under the influence of Surabaya.

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