Mary A. Livermore
| Mary Livermore | |
|---|---|
Mary Livermore
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| Born |
December 19, 1820 Boston, Massachusetts |
| Died | May 23, 1905 (aged 84) Melrose, Massachusetts |
| Employer | United States Sanitary Commission |
| Spouse(s) | Daniel P. Livermore |
Mary Livermore, born Mary Ashton Rice, (December 19, 1820 – May 23, 1905) was an American journalist, abolitionist, and advocate of women's rights. During the Civil War, she was a leader with the Chicago branch of the United States Sanitary Commission.
Mary Ashton Rice was born in Boston, Massachusetts on December 19, 1821 to Timothy Rice and Zebiah Vose (Ashton) Rice. She was a direct descendant of Edmund Rice, an early Puritan immigrant to Massachusetts Bay Colony. Livermore came from a military family: her father fought in the War of 1812 and her mother was a descendant of Captain Nathaniel Ashton of London. Livermore was incredibly intelligent, graduating from Boston public schools at age 14. Because there were no public high school or college options for women of that time, she attended school at an all-female seminary in Charlestown, Massachusetts, and read the entire Bible every year until the age of 23. She graduated from the seminary in 1836, but stayed there as a teacher for two years. In 1839, she started a job as a tutor on a Virginia plantation, and after witnessing the cruel institution of slavery, she became an abolitionist. She also began work with the temperance movement at this time, identified with the Washington Temperance Reform and an editor for a juvenile temperance paper. In 1842, she left the plantation to take charge of a private school in Duxbury, Massachusetts, where she worked for three years.
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