Martin Rythovius

Martin Bauwens of Riethoven or Martinus Rythovius (1511–1583) was a Catholic theologian and the first bishop of Ypres. He was a figure of some spiritual and political significance during the early decades of the Dutch Revolt.

Rythovius was born in 1511 to Baldwin and Lutgard Bauwens at Riethoven in the Duchy of Brabant (now in the Netherlands). He graduated from Leuven University as a Master of Arts in 1533, as a student of Falcon College, coming second of his year among 107 students. From 1535 to 1545 he taught Philosophy at Falcon College, joining the council of the Faculty of Arts on 5 January 1537. In 1550 he graduated Licentiate of Sacred Theology. In 1549 Cardinal Otto Truchsess von Waldburg, prince-bishop of Augsburg, recruited him as a professor for the University of Dillingen that he was in the process of establishing, but Rythovius returned to the Low Countries in 1552 due to the war between Maurice of Saxony and Emperor Charles V.

On 19 May 1556 Rythovius graduated Doctor of Sacred Theology in Leuven. He went on to be appointed president of Holy Ghost College, professor in the Faculty of Theology, and a canon of St. Peter's Church, Leuven. In 1557 he was deputed by the Faculty to the Colloquy of Worms. On 7 March 1559 he resigned the presidency of Holy Ghost College in favour of Jean Hessels and on 22 September succeeded Michel Drieux as dean of St Peter's and vice-chancellor of the university.

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