Marthinus Wessel Pretorius
| Marthinus Wessel Pretorius | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Member of the Triumvirate | |
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In office 8 August 1881 – 9 May 1883 Serving with Paul Kruger and Piet Joubert |
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| Preceded by |
The Viscount Wolseley As Governor of the Transvaal |
| Succeeded by |
Paul Kruger As President of the South African Republic |
| President of the South African Republic | |
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In office 22 October 1866 – 20 November 1871 |
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| Preceded by | Willem Cornelis Janse van Renseburg |
| Succeeded by | Daniel Jacobus Erasmus |
| President of the Executive Council of the South African Republic | |
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In office 6 January 1857 – 15 September 1860 |
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| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Johannes Hermanus Grobler |
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In office 10 May 1864 – 22 October 1866 |
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| Preceded by |
Willem Cornelis Janse van Rensburg As Acting President |
| Succeeded by |
Daniël Jacobus Erasmus As Acting President |
| State President of the Orange Free State | |
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In office 8 February 1860 – 20 June 1863 |
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| Preceded by | Jacobus Nicolaas Boshoff |
| Succeeded by | Johannes Brand |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Marthinus Wessel Pretorius 17 September 1819 Graaff Reinet, Cape Colony |
| Died | 19 May 1901 (aged 81) Potchefstroom, South African Republic |
| Resting place | Potchefstroom, North West, South Africa |
| Religion | Dutch Reformed |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |
 South African Republic Orange Free State Voortrekkers
|
| Rank | Commandant General |
| Commands | Transvaal Commandos |
Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (17 September 1819 – 19 May 1901) was the first president of the South African Republic, and also compiled the constitution of the Republic.
After the death of his father, the Voortrekker leader Andries Pretorius, in 1853, he was appointed as the Commandant-General of the ZAR (South African Republic) and moved from his farm Kalkheuwel, near Broederstroom, to the city of Potchefstroom. He was the last Head of State of Potchefstroom between 1853 and 1856.
In an endeavor to establish a new town, he bought two farms named Elandspoort and Daspoort between 1854 and 1855, on which he founded the city of Pretoria in 1855.
Ds. van der Hoff originally named the first church congregation in this area Pretoria Philadelphia (Pretorius Friendship), in honor of Pretorius' father. Later, the town took on the shortened name of Pretoria.
Five years later the capital of the ZAR (Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek or South African Republic in English) was moved from Potchefstroom to Pretoria.
Pretorius served as the first president of the South African Republic from 1857 to 1860. However, in 1859, in an effort to create closer bonds of relationship with the Orange Free State, he simultaneously held the office of State President of the Orange Free State and that of president of the South African Republic. This however created tension in Transvaal and he resigned the presidency of the South African Republic in 1860. After serving in the presidency of the Orange Free State until 1863, Pretorius was reelected as president of the South African Republic in 1864 and served a second term until 1871. Pretorius served a third term as joint head of state (triumvirate) of the South African Republic between 1880 and 1883. He died in 1901 at Potchefstroom.
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