Marshall Islands competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 5 to 21 August 2016. This was the nation's third consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics.

Five athletes from the Marshall Islands were selected to the team, competing only in athletics, swimming, and weightlifting (the country's Olympic debut in Rio de Janeiro). Among them were freestyle swimmer Giordan Harris, the lone returning Olympian from London 2012, and weightlifter Mathlynn Sasser (women's 58 kg), who led the contingent as the Marshall Islands flag bearer in the opening ceremony. Marshall Islands, however, has yet to win its first ever Olympic medal.

Marshall Islands has received universality slots from IAAF to send two athletes (one male and one female) to the Olympics.

Marshall Islands has received a Universality invitation from FINA to send two swimmers (one male and one female) to the Olympics.

Marshall Islands has received an invitation from the Tripartite Commission to send Mathlynn Sasser in the women's lightweight category (58 kg) to the Olympics, signifying the nation's debut in the sport.

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