Market hunters

Market hunters, or commercial hunters, hunt wild land animals. (Their counterparts at sea are called commercial fishermen and whalers.) They are distinguished from subsistence hunters and recreational hunters by their use of the animals they kill: Market hunters sell or trade the flesh, bones, and/or skins and feathers of slain animals as a source of income; subsistence hunters and their families and local tribes use these materials directly as food, clothing, tools, and/or shelter; recreational hunters often consume the flesh of their kills and/or use the skins for decoration or clothing.

Market hunting is almost entirely outlawed. Laws regulate recreational hunters as to which species and gender of animals they may kill, how many, what time of year they may kill them, and what weapons they may use. Laws often forbid subsistence and recreational hunters from selling any wild animals they kill.

Market hunters exploit animals as a natural resource, for both money and economic development. Like commercial fishing, market hunting focused on species which gathered in large numbers for breeding, feeding, or migration. Market hunters organized themselves into factory-like groups that would systematically depopulate an area of any valuable wildlife over a short period of time. The animals which were hunted included bison, deer, ducks and other waterfowl, geese, pigeons and many other birds, seals and walruses, fish, river mussels, and clams. Labor was divided among the actual hunters, the skinners, the butchers, all the way down to the marketers of the fur, feathers, shells, blubber, meat, etc., to easterners and also Europeans, except for the buffalo meat that the market hunters left on the dead animal to rot on the plains, after only taking primarily the fur, skin (for robes and strong, tough leather), and tongue (which was a delicacy in eastern restaurants).

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