Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus
| Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Proteobacteria |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Alteromonadales |
| Family: | Alteromonadaceae |
| Genus: | Marinobacter |
| Binomial name | |
|
Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus Gauthier et al. 1992 |
|
| Synonyms | |
|
Pseudomonas nautica Bauman et al. 1972 |
|
Pseudomonas nautica Bauman et al. 1972
Marinobacter aquaeolei Nguyen et al. 1999
Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus is a species of Proteobacteria found in sea water which are able to degrade hydrocarbons. The cells are rod-shaped and motile by means of a single polar flagellum.
‘Hydrocarbonoclastic’ means ‘hydrocarbon dismantling.’ These bacteria were named as such because they can degrade the major components of oil. (2)
Both the genus Marinobacter and the species Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus were first identified and described in 1992 by Gauthier et al. Using polymerase chain reaction to analyze by 16sRNA DNA, Gauthier showed that it was a member of the gamma group of the proteobacteria, with sufficient distance to other described proteobacteria to warrant the creation of a new genus. (2)
In 2005, Marquez and Ventosa from the Department of Microbiology and Parasitology of the University of Sevilla in Spain used “G+C content, fatty acid composition, and DNA-DNA hybridization… to understand the taxonomic positions” of Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus and Marinobacter aquaeolei.(7) “Marquez suggests that the two species be united under the same name since they are heterotypic synonyms due to phenotypic and phylogenetic traits.”(7)
In 2011, Hamdan & Fuller discovered that Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclastus, die when exposed to the chemical dispersant COREXIT EC9500A used to treat the Deepwater Horizon oilspill.(3)
The guanine + cytosine ratio of Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus’ genome is 52.7%.(2)
Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus are a type of eubacteria.(2)16sRNA DNA analysis indicates that these organisms are related to the gamma group of Proteobacteria.(2) Initial 16sRNA phylogenetic analysis did not reveal any close relatives to Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus. Therefore, the organism was placed in a genus of its own, with scientists believing that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was its closest modern relative.(2)
In 1999, 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus to have a very close relative in Marinobacter aquaeolei.(6) The two organisms contain 16S rDNA sequences with 99.4% similarity.(6)
The organisms from the Marinobacter genus have been found to have high diversity in terms of the environments they inhabit. Marinobacter species have been discovered in “hypersaline bacterial mats, marine hot-water springs in Japan, [and] cold seawater as in Arctic and Antarctic regions.”(5)
Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus are Gram-negative and rod shaped.(2) Their cells are, on average, are 0.3-0.6 µm in diameter and 2-3 µm long.(2) Their ability to produce flagella is largely dependent on the NaCl concentration of their environment.(2) In solutions with NaCl concentrations of 0.6-1.5M, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus produce and move by the movement of “a single unsheathed polar flagellum.”(2) In solutions with NaCl concentrations <0.2 or >1.5, M. hydrocarbonoclasticus are unable to produce flagella, and are thereby unable to influence their movement through medium.(2)
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