Mariano Rivera Paz
| Mariano Rivera Paz | |
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Portrait of Rivera Paz at the National History Museum of Guatemala
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.svg){kind=small} Head of State of Guatemala |
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In office 14 May 1842 – 11 December 1844 |
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| Preceded by | José Venancio López |
| Succeeded by | Rafael Carrera (as President) |
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In office 13 April 1839 – 3 December 1839 |
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| Preceded by | Carlos Salazar Castro |
| Succeeded by | José Venancio López |
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Chief of State of Guatemala |
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In office 13 April 1839 – 3 December 1839 |
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| Preceded by | Carlos Salazar Castro |
| Succeeded by | Himself as Head of State |
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In office 29 July 1838 – 30 January 1839 |
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| Preceded by | Pedro José Valenzuela y Jauregui |
| Succeeded by | Carlos Salazar Castro |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
24 December 1804 Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción |
| Died | 26 February 1849 (aged 44) Jalapa, Guatemala .svg){kind=small}
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| Political party | Liberal |
| Residence | Guatemala City |
| Profession | Lawyer, politician |
Mariano Rivera Paz (24 December 1804 - 26 February 1849) was the Head of State of Guatemala, he served as Head of State of Guatemala in the periods of 1838-1839 and 1842-1844.
Mariano Rivera Paz was born in Guatemala City and studied Law in Royal and Pontifical University of San Carlos Borromeo.
In 1838 the liberal forces of Morazan and José Francisco Barrundia invaded Guatemala and reached San Sur, where they executed Chúa Alvarez, father-in-law of the Guatemalan military leader Rafael Carrera and laid his head on a pike to teach a lesson to all followers of the Guatemalan caudillo. Upon learnings this, Carrera and his wife Petrona - had come to confront Morazán as soon as they learned of the invasion and were in Mataquescuintla- swore they would never forgive Morazan even in his grave, as they felt that no one could respect someone who could not avenge family members. After sending several envoys, who Carrera would not receive -especially Barrundia who was not received because Carrera did not want to murder him in cold blood- Morazán began a strong scorched earth offensive, destroying villages in his path and stripping them of their few assets, thus forcing Carrera forces to hide in the mountains . Believing that Carrera was totally defeated, Morazán and Barrundia marched on to Guatemala City where they were welcomed as saviors by the state governor Pedro Valenzuela and members of the conservative Aycinena Clan, who even proposed to sponsor one of the liberal battalions, while Valenzuela and Barrundia gave Morazán all the Guatemalan resources needed to solve any financial problem he had. The criollos of both parties celebrated until dawn that they finally had a caudillo like Morazan, who was able to crush the peasant rebellion. Morazán used the proceeds to support Los Altos and then replaced Valenzuela by Rivera Paz, member of the Aycinena clan, although he did not return to that clan any property confiscated in 1829; in revenge, Juan José de Aycinena y Piñol voted for the dissolution of the Central American Federation in San Salvador a little later, thereby forcing Morazán to return to El Salvador to fight for his dying federal mandate. Along the way, Morazán increased repression in eastern Guatemala, as punishment for helping Carrera, whom he considered expired. Knowing that Morazán had gone to El Salvador, Carrera tried to take Salamá with the small force that remained, but was defeated, losing his brother Laureano in combat. With just a few men left, he managed to escape, badly wounded, to Sanarate . After recovering a little bit, attacked a detachment in Jutiapa and managed to get a little booty which he handed to the volunteers who accompanied him and prepared to attack Petapa -near Guatemala City-, where he triumphed, but with heavy casualties . In September of that year, Carrera attempted an assault on the capital of Guatemala, but the liberal general Carlos Salazar Castro defeated him in the fields of Villa Nueva and Carrera had to retreat. After an unsuccessful attempt to take the Quetzaltenango, Carrera was surrounded and wounded, and he had to capitulate to the Mexican General Agustin Guzman, who lay in Quetzaltenango since the time of Vicente Filísola arrival in 1823. Morazán had the opportunity to shoot him, but could not because he needed the support of the Guatemalan peasants to counter the attacks of Francisco Ferrera in El Salvador; instead, Morazán left Carrera in charge of a minute fort in Mita, and without any weapons. Knowing that Morazán was going to attack El Salvador, Francisco Ferrera gave a thousand arms and ammunition to Carrera and convinced him to attack Guatemala City.
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