Maria Komnene, Queen of Jerusalem
| Maria Komnene | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Queen consort of Jerusalem | |
| Tenure | 29 August 1167 – 1174 |
| Born | c. 1154 |
| Died | 1208/1217 (aged 53–63) |
| Spouse |
Amalric I of Jerusalem Balian of Ibelin |
| Issue |
Isabella I of Jerusalem Helvis of Ibelin John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut Margaret of Tiberias Philip of Ibelin |
| House | Comnenid dynasty |
| Father | John Doukas Komnenos |
| Mother | Maria Taronitissa |
Maria Komnene or Comnena (Greek: Μαρία Κομνηνή, Maria Komnēnē) (c. 1154 – 1208/1217) was the second wife of King Amalric I of Jerusalem and mother of Queen Isabella of Jerusalem.
She was the daughter of John Doukas Komnenos, sometime Byzantine dux in Cyprus, and Maria Taronitissa, a descendant of the ancient Armenian kings. Her sister Theodora married Prince Bohemund III of Antioch, and her brother Alexios was briefly, in 1185, a pretender to the throne of the Byzantine Empire.
After the annulment of his first marriage to Agnes of Courtenay, Amalric was anxious to forge an alliance with Byzantium and emperor Manuel I Komnenos, so in 1164/65 he sent ambassadors to Constantinople to ask the hand of an imperial princess but received no answer until August 1167, when they landed at Tyre with Maria Komnene, who was the emperor's grandniece and had had bestowed upon her a rich dowry.
The marriage of Amalric and Maria was celebrated with much fanfare at Tyre, on 29 August 1167. They had two children:
On his deathbed, in 1174, Amalric left Nablus to Maria, who became Dowager Queen upon his death.
In 1177, Maria married secondly with Balian of Ibelin, who commanded the defense of Jerusalem against Saladin in 1187. She bore him at least four children:
Maria and Balian supported Conrad of Montferrat (uncle of the late King Baldwin V) in his struggle for the crown against Guy of Lusignan. They arranged for Maria's daughter by Amalric, Isabella, to have her first marriage annulled so that she could marry Conrad, giving him a stronger claim to the throne. In this, Maria and Balian gained the enmity of Richard I of England and his chroniclers. The anonymous author of the Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi wrote of them:
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