Marcin Król z Żurawicy

Marcin Król (c. 1422–1460), also Marcin z Żurawica, Marcin Król z Przemyśla, Martinus Polonus, Martinus Rex de Premislia was a Polish mathematician, astronomer, and doctor.

Marcin Król, son of Stanisław Król, was born around 1422 in Żurawica near Przemyśl.

From 1438 he studied the liberal arts at the Cracow Academy. Six years later, he earned his baccalarius. In 1445 he gained the title magister and began to lecture on mathematics and astronomy. That same year, Zbigniew Oleśnicki, the academy's chancellor, arranged for him to study abroad. Król attended the universities in Prague (1445), Leipzig, Padua and Bologna, where he lectured on astronomy in 1448. In December 1449, he earned the title doctor of medicine. Shortly thereafter, Król left for Hungary, where he was the court physician to John Hunyadi. He probably also spent tme at the court of John Vitéz w Oradea.

Król returned to Cracow probably in the winter of 1450 through the intervention of Zbigniew Oleśnicki and Jan Długosz, and took up a position as professor at the Cracow Academy. He covered mathematics (geometry) and astronomy, founding the latter department. Sometime after 1450, he also established the department of astrology, which soon developed a European-wide reputation. He kept up close correspondence with other astronomers, including the Austrian Georg von Peuerbach and the German Regiomontanus. In this period Król also served as doctor to the bishop of Cracow.

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