Manumit School

The Manumit School ("manumit" in Latin means freedom from slavery) was an "experimental" Christian socialist boarding school in Pawling, New York. and, in 1944, Bristol, Pennsylvania.

Founded on purchased farm land in 1924 by Rev. William and Helen Fincke, it was formally called The Manumit School for Workers' Children. Its teachings were meant to provide a "progressive," "workers education" slant during a time of increasing soclialist optimism in America. Sarah Norcliffe Cleghorn worked here as an English and Drama teacher until 1929.

in 1924, Rev. William Mann Fincke and his wife, Helen Hamlin, founded Manumit as an elementary level, co-educational, boarding school on a working farm in Pawling, New York. It was closely associated with a number of NYC labor unions. A. J. Muste was Chair of Manumit Associates/Board for a number of years.

In 1926 Henry R. Linville became interim director upon illness of Rev. Fincke.

In 1927 Rev. Fincke died.

In 1927/28 Nellie M. Seeds became director.

In 1933 William Mann Fincke (son of Rev. WMF & Hamlin) became co-director, with wife, Mildred Gignoux. [“By 1933 the school was debt-ridden…and only a half dozen pupils remained....” “Sometimes the children’s welfare seemed subordinated to indoctrination of pet political and social ideas favored by directors or staff members…”

In 1938/39, the Progressive Schools' Committee for Refugee Children formed under leadership of Mildred and William Fincke. At least 23 Jewish refugee children attended Manumit.

In 1942, the first two years of high school added to the elementary school.

In 1943, William I. Stephenson became director. WM Fincke attended Yale University to pursue doctorate.

On October 25, 1943, fire destroyed the major school building, the “Mill”. Most school records weredestroyed.

In 1944, William M. Fincke resumed directorship with wife, Amelia Evans. The school was moved to Bristol, Bensalem Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.

In 1947, Benjamin C.G. Fincke, son of the founders, with wife, Magdalene (“Magda”) Joslyn, became co-director.

In 1949, the fFinal two years of high school were added.

In 1950, the school adopted the “work project” experiment.

The first full high school graduation took place in 1951. From 1950-57, there were between 43 and 52 graduates: of 42 on a list, 29 attended colleges, 3 art schools, 1 technical school.

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