Male enhancement

Penis enlargement, or male enhancement, is any technique aimed to increase the size of a human penis. Some methods aim to increase total length, others the shaft's girth, and yet others the glans size. Techniques include pills, hormones, massage, stretching, inflation, incision, injections, and implants. While some techniques are hoaxes, others may be somewhat effective, perhaps at risk of complications.

Some surgical methods have the most evidence of effectiveness, while others have fairly frequent complications, sometimes severe, including scarring that leads, after all, to penis shrinkage or erectile dysfunction. Fat injection, division of the suspensory ligament, and the injection of dermal fillers, silicone gel, or PMMA (Poly(methyl methacrylate)) have proven to be ineffective and often unsafe. Noninvasive methods have received little scientific study, and most lack scientific evidence of effectiveness, although scientific evidence supports some elongation by prolonged traction. Some quack products may improve penis erection, mistaken by consumers for penis enlargement.

Because of great risk and uncertainty, most medical professionals are generally skeptical of penile enlargement treatments that involve fat injection, dermal fillers, silicone gel, PMMA, or division of the suspensory ligament. Medical doctors do treat micropenis as a medical condition, however, usually by surgery, which can be warranted to improve urinary or sexual function. Most men seeking penis enlargement have normal-size penises, and many may experience penile dysmorphophobia by underestimating their own penis size while overestimating the average size.

There are several surgical treatments, most of which carry a risk of significant complications. Procedures by unlicensed surgeons can lead to serious complications. Risky surgical treatments include subcutaneous fat injection, division of the suspensory ligament, and the injection of dermal fillers, silicone gel, or PMMA. The American Urological Association (AUA) and the Urology Care Foundation "consider subcutaneous fat injection for increasing penile girth to be a procedure which has not been shown to be safe or efficacious. The AUA also considers the division of the suspensory ligament of the penis for increasing penile length in adults to be a procedure which has not been shown to be safe or efficacious." Dermal fillers are also not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the penis.

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