Maine de Biran

Maine de Biran
Born	François-Pierre-Gonthier Maine de Biran (1766-11-29)29 November 1766 Grateloup (near Bergerac), Périgord
Died	20 July 1824(1824-07-20) (aged 57) Paris
Alma mater	University of Poitiers (LL.B.)
Era	Modern philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	French Spiritualism
Notable ideas	"Volo, ergo sum"
Influences Rousseau,Antoine Destutt de Tracy, Charles Bonnet, Pierre Cabanis, John Locke, Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, Bacon,Descartes,Leibniz, Stoicism
Influenced Victor Cousin, Pierre Janet, François Picavet, Henri Bergson, Louis Lavelle, Émile Boutroux, Maurice Blondel, Michel Henry, Félix Ravaisson

François-Pierre-Gonthier Maine de Biran (French: [mɛn də biʁɑ̃]; 29 November 1766 – 20 July 1824), usually known simply as Maine de Biran, was a French philosopher.

Maine de Biran was born at Bergerac. The name Maine he assumed (some time before 1787) from an estate called Le Maine, near Mouleydier. After studying with distinction at Périgueux, he entered the life guards of King Louis XVI of France, and was present at Versailles during the events of October 1789. He entered politics and was part of the Conseil des Cinq Cents. On the breaking up of the gardes du corps Biran retired to his patrimonial inheritance of Grateloup, near Bergerac, where he avoided the excesses of the French Revolution.

It was at this period that, to use his own words, he "passed per saltum from frivolity to philosophy". He began with psychology, which he made the study of his life. After the Reign of Terror, Maine de Biran took part in politics. Having been excluded from the Council of the Five Hundred on suspicion of royalism, he took part with his friend Joseph Lainé in the commission of 1813, which first expressed direct opposition to the will of the emperor Napoleon. After the restoration of the monarchy, he became treasurer to the chamber of deputies, retiring during each autumn recess to study at home. The exact date of his death is uncertain.