Mahmud Shah III
| Mahmud Shah III محمود شاه |
|
|---|---|
| Sultan of Johor | |
| Reign | 1770–1811 |
| Predecessor | Ahmad Riayat Shah |
| Successor |
Disputed |
| Born | 24 March 1756 |
| Died | 1811 (aged 45) Kuala Selangor |
| Burial | Batangan, Riau |
| House | Bendahara |
| Father | Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Disputed
Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah - Riau Lingga
The Most Serene Prince Paduka Sri al-Wakil al-Imam Sultan Mahmud Ri’ayat Shah Zilu’llah fil’Alam Khalifat ul-Muminin ibni al-Marhum Sultan ‘Abdu’l Jalil Shah (24 March 1756–1811) was the 15th Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Johor and Pahang and their dependencies who reigned from 1770 to 1811.
Born on March 24, 1756, Mahmud Shah III is the younger son of the 13th Sultan of Johor, Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah by his second wife, Tengku Puteh binti Daeng Chelak. To maintain their de facto control of Johor Empire, the Bugis continued to install puppet rulers on the throne, including the infant grandson of Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah, Mahmud Shah III, who succeeded on the death of his elder brother, Ahmad Riayat Shah in 1770.
During the early part of his reign, the office of Yamtuan Muda was held by the powerful Bugis chief, Daeng Kemboja. Mahmud Shah III came of age at a time when Bugis-Dutch trade rivalry was intensifying. He exploited the rivalry by concluding a treaty of protection with VOC on board the Utrecht on November 10, 1784 in which he was accorded the style of 'Most Serene Prince' (Doorlugtigen Vorst).
The treaty called for the end of the Bugis monopoly over the office of Yamtuan Muda and prohibited other Bugis from holding office within Johor's administration. It also demanded the expulsion of all Bugis not born or bred in Riau. Additionally, the treaty allowed the Dutch to post a Resident in Johor. Shortly thereafter. Mahmud Shah III retreated to Pahang. All-out conflict soon erupted between the Dutch and the Bugis. Hostilities between the two powers continued until 1795, when the Dutch finally succeeded in ousting the Bugis chief, Raja Ali from Riau, allowing Mahmud Shah III to return to his capital.
The same year, however, the Netherlands came under French occupation and the Dutch allowed the British to temporarily take over their territories in the Malay world. This enabled Raja Ali to make a comeback. After the Bugis ousted Tengku Muda, the Malay Yamtuan Muda of Johor, Mahmud Shah III had no choice but to accept Raja Ali's return in 1803. In order to appease both the Bugis and Tengku Muda, the Sultan married his son, Tengku Hussein, to Tengku Muda's daughter, while his other son, Tengku Abdul Rahman, was made Raja Ali's ward. To maintain his distance from the Bugis, Mahmud Shah III established his capital at Daik, Lingga.
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Wikipedia