Madeleine Gagnon (born July 27, 1938) is a Quebec educator, literary critic and writer.
She was born in Amqui in the valley of the Matapedia River and was educated at the Collège Notre-Dame d'Acadie in Moncton, at the Université de Montréal and the Université d'Aix-en-Provence. From 1969 to 1982, she taught literature at the Université du Québec à Montréal. She then was visiting professor and writer-in-residence at the Université de Montréal, at the Université de Sherbrooke, at the Université du Québec à Montréal and at the Université du Québec à Rimouski.
She wrote for the magazines Chroniques (which she founded with Patrick Straram), Liberté, La Nouvelle Barre du jour, Possibles, Osiris, Estuaire, Urgences, Passages, and Actuels. In 1986, her book Les Fleurs du Catalpa received the Grand Prix de poésie from the Journal de Montréal, Her poetry collection Chant pour un Québec lointain received the Governor General's Award for French-language poetry, the Prix Arthur-Buies from the Salon du livre de Rimouski and the Prix Artquimédia from the town of Amqui. In 2002, she was awarded the Prix Athanase-David. Gagnon was named a member of the Académie des lettres du Québec in 1987.