MRND
|
National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development
Mouvement républicain national pour la démocratie et le développement |
|
|---|---|
| President | Juvénal Habyarimana |
| Founder | Juvénal Habyarimana |
| Founded | 1975 |
| Banned | 1994 |
| Succeeded by |
Forces for the Defense of Democracy (not legal successor) |
| Headquarters | Kigali, Rwanda |
| Newspaper |
Kangura Hutu Power Radio (Radio) |
| Youth wing | Interahamwe |
| Ideology |
Social conservatism Anti-communism |
| Political position | Right-wing to Far-right |
| International affiliation | None |
| Colours | Black |
The National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (Mouvement républicain national pour la démocratie et le développement) was the ruling political party of Rwanda from 1975 to 1994 under President Juvénal Habyarimana. Between 1975 and 1991, when it was known as the National Revolutionary Movement for Development (French: Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement, MRND), the MRND was the only legal political party in the country. It was dominated by Hutus, particularly from President Juvenal Habyarimana's home region of Northern Rwanda. The elite group of MRND party members who were known to have influence on the President and his wife – as well as to be responsible for the planning of the Rwandan Genocide – are known as the akazu.
The party was established by Habyarimana in 1975, following his 1973 coup that ousted the first post-independence president Grégoire Kayibanda and the banning of his Parmehutu party, which had been dominated by Hutus from southern Rwanda. The MRND succeeded the Parmehutu in its position of the dominant state party. A new constitution was approved in a 1978 referendum, making the country a one-party state in which every citizen had to belong to the MRND.
Presidential elections were held in 1978 with Habyarimana as the sole candidate. He was re-elected with 99% of the vote.Parliamentary elections followed in 1981, with two MRND candidates contesting each of the 64 seats. Habyarimana was re-elected again in 1983 and 1988, whilst parliamentary elections were held under the same system in 1983 (with the National Assembly enlarged to 70 seats) and 1988.
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