MP-40

MP 40
Maschinenpistole 40
Type	Submachine gun
Place of origin	Nazi Germany
Service history
In service	1938–1945
Used by	See Operators
Wars	World War II Cold War Korean War Vietnam War Syrian Civil WarTemplate:Be[WW1]]
Production history
Designer	Heinrich Vollmer
Designed	1938
Manufacturer	Steyr-Mannlicher Erma Werke Haenel
Produced	1940–1945
Number built	1.1 million (estimated)
Variants	MP 36 MP 38 MP 40 MP 40/1 MP 41
Specifications
Weight	3.97 kg (8.75 lb)
Length	833 mm (32.8 in) stock extended / 630 mm (24.8 in) stock folded
Barrel length	251 mm (9.9 in)
Cartridge	9×19mm Parabellum
Action	Straight blowback, open bolt
Rate of fire	500–550 rounds/min
Muzzle velocity	400 m/s (1,312 ft/s)
Effective firing range	100 – 200 m
Maximum firing range	200 m
Feed system	32-round detachable box magazine 64-round with dual magazines
Sights	Hooded front blade

The MP 40 (Maschinenpistole 40) was a submachine gun chambered for the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge. It was developed in Nazi Germany and used extensively by the Axis powers during World War II.

Designed in 1938 by Heinrich Vollmer with inspiration from its predecessor the MP 38, it was heavily used by infantrymen, paratroopers, platoon and squad leaders on the Eastern and Western Front. Its advanced and modern features made it a favorite among soldiers and popular in countries from various parts of the world after the war. It was often erroneously called "Schmeisser" by the Allies, despite Hugo Schmeisser's non-involvement in the weapon's design and production. From 1940 to 1945, an estimated 1.1 million were produced by Erma Werke.

The Maschinenpistole 40 ("Machine pistol 40") descended from its predecessor the MP 38, which was in turn based on the MP 36, a prototype made of machined steel. The MP 36 was developed independently by Erma Werke's Berthold Geipel with funding from the German Army. It took design elements from Heinrich Vollmer's VPM 1930 and EMP. Vollmer then worked on Berthold Geipel's MP 36 and in 1938 submitted a prototype to answer a request from the Heereswaffenamt (Army Weapons Office) for a new submachine gun, which was adopted as MP 38. The MP 38 was a simplification of the MP 36, and the MP 40 was a further simplification of the MP 38, with certain cost-saving alterations, most notably in the more extensive use of stamped steel rather than machined parts.

The MP 40 was often called the "Schmeisser" by the Allies, after the weapon designer Hugo Schmeisser. Schmeisser had designed the MP 18, which was the first mass-produced submachine gun in the world, and carried some resemblance to the MP 40. He did not, however, have anything to do with the design or development of the MP 40, although he held a patent on the magazine.