MGM-52 Lance

MGM-52 Lance
MGM-52 Lance missile on display at White Sands Missile Range Museum, New Mexico, next to M752 Self-Propelled Launcher.
Type	Tactical ballistic missile
Place of origin	United States
Service history
In service	1972–1992
Used by	U.S. Army, Britain, Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, and West Germany
Production history
Manufacturer	LTV
Unit cost	~US$800K (1996 dollars)
No. built	2,133
Specifications
Weight	1,285–1,527 kg (2,850–3,367 lbs) depending on warhead
Length	6.1m (20 ft)
Diameter	56 cm (22 in)
Warhead	1 W70 nuclear or M251 high explosive submunitions
Blast yield	1–100 kt
Engine	Liquid-propellant rocket
Operational range	70 km (45 mi) to 120 km (75 mi), depending on warhead
Speed	>Mach 3
Guidance system	inertial guidance

The MGM-52 Lance was a mobile field artillery tactical surface-to-surface missile (tactical ballistic missile) system used to provide both nuclear and conventional fire support to the United States Army. The missile's warhead was developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. It was replaced by MGM-140 ATACMS, which was initially intended to likewise have a nuclear capability during the cold war.

The first Lance missiles were deployed in 1972, replacing (together with the US-Navy's nuclear-tipped RIM-2D & RIM-8E/B/D) the earlier Honest John rocket and Sergeant SRBM ballistic missile, greatly reducing the weight and bulk of the system, while improving both accuracy and mobility.

A Lance battery (two fire units) consisted of two M752 launchers (one missile each) and two M688 auxiliary vehicle (two missiles each), for a total six missiles. The firing rate per unit was approximately three missiles per hour.

The payload consisted either of a W70 nuclear warhead with a yield of 1–100 kt or a variety of conventional munitions. The W70-3 nuclear warhead version was one of the first warheads to be battlefield-ready with an "enhanced radiation" (neutron bomb) capability. Conventional munitions included cluster bombs for use against SAM-Sites, heat seeking Anti-Tank Cluster munitions or a single unitary conventional shape-charged warhead for penetrating hard targets and for bunker busting. The original design considered a chemical weapon warhead option, but this development was cancelled in 1970.