Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre, Duchess of Orléans

Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre
Duchess of Orléans
Louise Marie Adélaïde by Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Le Brun
Born	13 March 1753 Hôtel de Toulouse, Paris, France
Died	23 June 1821 (aged 68) Château d'Ivry-sur-Seine, France
Burial	Chapelle royale de Dreux, Dreux, France
Spouse	Philippe, Duke of Orléans
Issue Detail	Louis Philippe I, King of the French Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier Adélaïde d'Orléans Louis Charles, Count of Beaujolais
Full name Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre
House	Bourbon
Father	Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre
Mother	Princess Maria Teresa of Modena
Religion	Roman Catholic

Royal styles of Marie Adélaïde, Duchess of Orléans
Reference style	Her Serene Highness
Spoken style	Your Serene Highness
Alternative style	Madame la Princesse

Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre, Duchess of Orléans (13 March 1753 – 23 June 1821), was the daughter of Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre and of Princess Maria Theresa Felicitas of Modena. At the death of her brother, Louis Alexandre de Bourbon-Penthièvre, prince de Lamballe, she became the wealthiest heiress in France prior to the French Revolution. She married Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, the "regicide" Philippe Égalité, and was the mother of France's last king, Louis Philippe I, King of the French. She was sister-in-law to the princesse de Lamballe, and was the last member of the Bourbon-Penthièvre family.

Marie-Adélaïde was born on 13 March 1753 at the Hôtel de Toulouse, the family residence in Paris since 1712, when her grandfather, Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse, bought it from Louis Phélypeaux de La Vrillière. Her mother died in childbirth the following year.Styled Mademoiselle d'Ivoy initially and, as a young girl, until her marriage, Mademoiselle de Penthièvre (derived from the duchy inherited by her father). The style of Mademoiselle de Penthièvre had been previously borne by her sister Marie Louise de Bourbon (1751–1753), who died six months after Marie-Adélaïde's birth.

At birth, she was put in the care of Madame de Sourcy and, as was the custom for many girls of the nobility, she was later raised at the Abbaye de Montmartre convent, overlooking Paris, where she spent twelve years. As a child, she was encouraged to take an active part in the charities for which her father had become known as "Prince of the Poor". His reputation for made him popular throughout France and, subsequently, saved him during the Revolution.