Louis Léopold Ollier

Louis Léopold Ollier, full name Louis Xavier Édouard Léopold Ollier (French: [ɔlje]; 2 December 1830 – 26 November 1900) was a French surgeon born in Les Vans, department of Ardèche. His father and grandfather were also physicians.

Initially he studied natural sciences at Montpellier, and in 1851 began work as medical interne at Lyon Hospital. In 1857 he earned his medical doctorate in Paris, and in 1860 became chief-surgeon at the Hôtel-Dieu in Lyon. In 1877 he became a professor of clinical surgery. Following Ollier's death in 1900, his position at Lyon was filled by surgeon Mathieu Jaboulay (1860–1913).

Ollier is famous for his work in bone and joint surgery. He became internationally known for developing techniques involving bone-resection, and is remembered for his extensive research of regeneration of bone by the periosteum following resection. He was a pioneer in the field of bone grafting, and also devised a surgical operation known as astragalectomy.

In 1872 he developed a split-thickness skin graft that was later improved upon by Karl Thiersch (Ollier–Thiersch graft). His name is also associated with Ollier's disease, a bone disorder that is also known as multiple enchondromatosis. Furthermore, the cambium layer (inner layer of the periosteum) is sometimes referred to as "Ollier's layer". This is the layer of tissue where osteoblasts reside.

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