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Lord Cornwallis

His Excellency General The Most Honourable
The Marquess Cornwallis
KG
The Marquess Cornwallis
Portrait by John Singleton Copley, circa 1795
Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William
In office
12 September 1786 – 28 October 1793
Monarch George III
Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger
Preceded by Sir John Macpherson, Bt
As Acting Governor-General
Succeeded by Sir John Shore
In office
30 July 1805 – 5 October 1805
Monarch George III
Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger
Preceded by The Marquess Wellesley
Succeeded by Sir George Barlow, Bt
As Acting Governor-General
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
In office
14 June 1798 – 27 April 1801
Monarch George III
Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger
Preceded by The Earl Camden
Succeeded by The Earl Hardwicke
Personal details
Born Charles Edward Cornwallis V
(1738-12-31)31 December 1738
Grosvenor Square
Mayfair, London, England
Died 5 October 1805(1805-10-05) (aged 66)
Gauspur, Ghazipur
Kingdom of Kashi
Nationality British
Spouse(s) Jemima Tullekin Jones
Children Mary, Charles
Alma mater Eton College
Clare College, Cambridge
Occupation Military officer, Colonial administrator
Religion Church of England
Awards Knight Companion of The Most Noble Order of the Garter
Signature Signature of the Marquess Cornwallis
Military service
Allegiance  Kingdom of Great Britain (1757–1801)
 United Kingdom (1801–1805)
Service/branch  British Army
British East India Company
Years of service 1757–1805
Rank General
Commands India
Ireland
Battles/wars Seven Years' War
American War of Independence
Third Mysore War
Irish Rebellion of 1798

Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis KG, PC (31 December 1738 – 5 October 1805), styled Viscount Brome between 1753 and 1762 and known as The Earl Cornwallis between 1762 and 1792, was a British Army officer and colonial administrator. In the United States and the United Kingdom he is best remembered as one of the leading British generals in the American War of Independence. His surrender in 1781 to a combined American and French force at the Siege of Yorktown ended significant hostilities in North America. He also served as a civil and military governor in Ireland and India; in both places he brought about significant changes, including the Act of Union in Ireland, and the Cornwallis Code and the Permanent Settlement in India.

Born into an aristocratic family and educated at Eton and Cambridge, Cornwallis joined the army in 1757, seeing action in the Seven Years' War. Upon his father's death in 1762 he became Earl Cornwallis and entered the House of Lords. From 1766 until 1805 he was Colonel of the 33rd Regiment of Foot. He next saw military action in 1776 in the American War of Independence. Active in the advance forces of many campaigns, in 1780 he inflicted an embarrassing defeat on the American army at the Battle of Camden. He also commanded British forces in the March 1781 Pyrrhic victory at Guilford Court House. Cornwallis surrendered his army at Yorktown in October 1781 after an extended campaign through the Southern states, marked by disagreements between him and his superior, General Sir Henry Clinton.


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