Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site

Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site
IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape)
The Longfellow House
Location	Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
Nearest city	Cambridge, Massachusetts
Coordinates	42°22′36″N 71°07′35″W / 42.37667°N 71.12639°W / 42.37667; -71.12639Coordinates: 42°22′36″N 71°07′35″W / 42.37667°N 71.12639°W / 42.37667; -71.12639
Area	2 acres (0.81 ha)
Established	October 9, 1972
Visitors	50,784 (in 2015)
Governing body	National Park Service
Website	Longfellow House-Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site

The Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site, also known as the Vassall-Craigie-Longfellow House and, until December 2010, Longfellow National Historic Site, is a historic site located at 105 Brattle Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. For almost fifty years, it was the home of noted American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. It had previously served as the headquarters of General George Washington, 1775-76.

The house was built in 1759 for John Vassall, who fled the Cambridge area at the beginning of the American Revolutionary War because of his loyalty to the king of England. George Washington occupied the house as his headquarters, beginning July 16, 1775. It served as his base of operations during the Siege of Boston, until he moved out on April 4, 1776. Andrew Craigie, Washington's Apothecary General, was the next person to own the home for a significant period of time. After purchasing the house in 1791, he instigated the home's only major addition. Craigie's financial situation at the time of his death in 1819 forced his widow Elizabeth Craigie to take in boarders. It was as a boarder that Henry Wadsworth Longfellow came into the home. He became its owner in 1843, when his father-in-law Nathan Appleton purchased it as a wedding gift. He lived in the home until his death in 1882.

The last family to live in the home was the Longfellow family, who established the Longfellow Trust in 1913 for its preservation. In 1972, the home and all of its furnishings was donated to, and was made part of, the National Park Service. The home, which represents the mid-Georgian architectural style, is seasonally open to the public.

The original house was built in 1759 for Loyalist John Vassall who inherited the land along what was called the King's Highway in Cambridge when he was 21. He demolished the structure that had stood there and built a new mansion. The home became his summer residence with his wife Elizabeth (Oliver) and children until 1774. His wife's brother was Thomas Oliver, then royal lieutenant governor of Massachusetts, who in 1766 moved to Cambridge and built the nearby mansion now known as Elmwood. On the eve of the American Revolution in September 1774, they fled Boston.