List of current pretenders

A pretender is an aspirant or claimant to a throne that either has been abolished, suspended or is occupied by another. It should not be confused with the term impostor, which instead refers to a person who exercises deception under an assumed name or identity. A pretender may assert a claim and the term is also applied to those persons on whose behalf a claim is advanced, regardless of whether that person himself makes the claim.

Entries in this list are governed with respect to their relevant succession laws, whether hereditary or elective. Prominent and reliably sourced claims made on a person's behalf are included regardless of whether that person stakes an active claim, provided that the person possesses a legitimate link to the line of succession. Claimants with no kinship to the dynasty, often distinguished as "false pretenders", are not listed.

A realm that was never diplomatically recognized by any state, is the Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia, a short-lived attempt at establishing a constitutional monarchy during the 19th Century. It claimed the far southern stretches of South America where the native Mapuche were fighting to maintain their sovereignty against the advancing Argentine and Chilean forces. In 1860, the Frenchman Orélie-Antoine de Tounens convinced the Mapuche chiefs that they would be better served in negotiations with the surrounding powers by a European leader, and he was elected "king" over a loosely governed confederation of tribes. The proclaimed kingdom never exercised more than a marginal de facto sovereignty over a small area in present-day Chile, around a Mapuche town or tent camp called Perquenco. The efforts by Tounens to gain international recognition prompted an invasion by Chile, worried by the possibility of the establishment of a French protectorate in Araucania. The Chilean invasion resulted in Tounens' capture and deportation. The last pretender is Jean-Michel Parasiliti di Para, since January 9, 2014.

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