List of current heads of state and government

This is a list of current heads of state and government, showing heads of state and heads of government where different, mainly in parliamentary systems. Often a leader is both in presidential systems. Some states have semi-presidential systems, where the head of government role (i.e. executive branch) is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and head of state.

The list also includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, such as presidents–elect and prime ministers–designate, and those leading a government in exile if internationally recognised.

The following states control their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.

The following states/governments control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.

These alternative governments are recognised as a sovereign state by at least one UN member.

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