Icelandic music composer and singer Björk has embarked on seven concert tours, with all of them being worldwide. After her split up with The Sugarcubes, Björk embarked in her first concert tour to promote Debut. The Tour lasted one year, from August 1993 to July 1994, and included a concert to support the U2 on their Zoo TV Tour at the Wembley Stadium. The following year, she performed on the worldwide Post Tour which was extensively long and critically lauded. The tour visited different festivals and arenas throughout Europe, North America, Oceania and Asia and featured the first performance in South America. In November 1997, with the release of Homogenic she embarked on the Homogenic Tour after promoting the album with a short promotional tour earlier during the same year. The Tour was extended in 1998 after a cancelled North America tour with the Radiohead. After the end of the tour in 1999, Björk embarked on the Vespertine World Tour which featured performances with a full Orchestra in Opera houses. The tour was critically lauded and financially expensive. In 2003 she toured throughout Europe and North America (including one stop in Asia) for her Greatest Hits Tour, performing in Stadiums and headlining major European Festivals.
Björk did not tour again until the Volta Tour in 2007, which lasted two years and during which she returned to perform in Oceania and South America after more than 10 years. She once again was the headliner of major festivals, including Coachella Festival, Glastonbury Festival, Big Day Out and Roskilde Festival. The tour faced many controversies because of live performances of "Declare Independence" in which she declared political support for various causes, including Kosovo and Tibet, for which she was banned from visiting China. Björk toured her project Biophilia, which featured a series of residencies and workshops for children regarding science and musicology, from 2011 until 2013. Many instruments were created and brought on stage specifically for the shows: a tesla coil, a bespoke pipe organ that accepts digital information, a pin-barrel harp, a midi-controlled gamelan-celesta hybrid, and a pendulum that harnesses the earth’s gravitational pull to create musical patterns. The tour featured her first performance ever in Africa, but was hindered by a series of vocal chords issues.