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Linguo-glottalic consonant

Alveolar linguo-glottalic stop
ǃ͡qʼ
Voiced dental linguo-glottalic stop
ᶢǀ͡qʼ
Lateral linguo-glottalic affricate (homorganic)
ǁ͡χʼ
Palatal linguo-glottalic affricate (heterorganic)
ǂ͡kxʼ
ǂ͡ʼ
ǂᵸ
Voiced labial linguo-glottalic affricate
ᶢʘ͡kxʼ
ᶢʘˁ

Ejective-contour clicks, also called sequential linguo-glottalic consonants, are consonants that transition from a click to an ejective sound, or more precisely, have an audible delay between the front and rear release of the click. All click types (alveolar ǃ, dental ǀ, lateral ǁ, palatal ǂ, retroflex , and labial ʘ) have linguo-glottalic variants, which occur as both stops and affricates, and may be voiced. At least a voiceless linguo-glottalic affricate is attested from all Khoisan languages of southern Africa (the Khoe, Tuu, and Kx'a language families), as well as from the Bantu language Yeyi from the same area, but they are unattested elsewhere.

Traditionally, contour clicks were believed to be uvular in their rear articulation, whereas non-contour clicks were thought to be velar. However, it is now known that all clicks are uvular, at least in the languages which have been investigated, and that the articulation of these clicks is more complex than that of others but no different in location. Linguists now analyze them as either contours (that is, as a transition from one kind of sound to another within a single consonant) or as sequences of a click followed by a uvular consonant (that is, as consonant clusters). See pulmonic-contour clicks for discussion.


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