Light Peak
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| Designer | Apple and Intel | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Various | ||
| Produced | Since February 24, 2011 | ||
| Length | Maximums: 3 metres (9.8 ft) (copper) 60 metres (200 ft) (optical) |
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| Width | 7.4 mm male (8.3 mm female) | ||
| Height | 4.5 mm male (5.4 mm female) | ||
| Hot pluggable | Yes | ||
| Daisy chain | Yes, up to 6 devices | ||
| External | Yes | ||
| Audio signal | Via DisplayPort protocol or USB-based external audio cards. Supports audio through HDMI adapters. | ||
| Video signal | Via DisplayPort protocol | ||
| Pins | • Thunderbolt v1 & v2: 20 • Thunderbolt v3: 24 |
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| Connector | • Thunderbolt v1 & v2: Mini DisplayPort • Thunderbolt v3: USB Type-C |
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| Max. voltage | 18 V (bus power) | ||
| Max. current | 550 mA (9.9 W max.) | ||
| Data signal | Yes | ||
| Bitrate | • Thunderbolt v1: two channels, 10 Gbit/s each (20 Gbit/s in total) • Thunderbolt v2: 20 Gbit/s in total • Thunderbolt v3: 40 Gbit/s |
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| Protocol | • Thunderbolt v1: 4× PCI Express 2.0,DisplayPort 1.1a • Thunderbolt v2: 4× PCI Express 2.0, DisplayPort 1.2 • Thunderbolt v3: 4× PCI Express 3.0, DisplayPort 1.2, HDMI 2.0, USB 3.1 gen. 2 |
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| Pin 1 | GND | Ground | |
| Pin 2 | HPD | Hot plug detect | |
| Pin 3 | HS0TX(P) | HighSpeed transmit 0 (positive) | |
| Pin 4 | HS0RX(P) | HighSpeed receive 0 (positive) | |
| Pin 5 | HS0TX(N) | HighSpeed transmit 0 (negative) | |
| Pin 6 | HS0RX(N) | HighSpeed receive 0 (negative) | |
| Pin 7 | GND | Ground | |
| Pin 8 | GND | Ground | |
| Pin 9 | LSR2P TX | LowSpeed transmit | |
| Pin 10 | GND | Ground (reserved) | |
| Pin 11 | LSP2R RX | LowSpeed receive | |
| Pin 12 | GND | Ground (reserved) | |
| Pin 13 | GND | Ground | |
| Pin 14 | GND | Ground | |
| Pin 15 | HS1TX(P) | HighSpeed transmit 1 (positive) | |
| Pin 16 | HS1RX(P) | HighSpeed receive 1 (positive) | |
| Pin 17 | HS1TX(N) | HighSpeed transmit 1 (negative) | |
| Pin 18 | HS1RX(N) | HighSpeed receive 1 (negative) | |
| Pin 19 | GND | Ground | |
| Pin 20 | DPPWR | Power | |
| This is the pinout for both sides of the connector, source side and sink side. The cable is actually a crossover cable, it swaps all receive and transmit lanes; e.g. HS1TX(P) of the source is connected to HS1RX(P) of the sink. | |||
Thunderbolt is the brand name of a hardware interface developed by Apple and Intel that allows the connection of external peripherals to a computer. Thunderbolt 1 and 2 use the same connector as Mini DisplayPort (MDP), whereas Thunderbolt 3 uses USB Type-C. It was initially developed and marketed under the name Light Peak, and first sold as part of a consumer product on February 24, 2011.
Thunderbolt combines PCI Express (PCIe) and DisplayPort (DP) into one serial signal, and additionally provides DC power, all in one cable. Up to six peripherals may be supported by one connector through various topologies.
Thunderbolt controllers multiplex one or more individual data lanes from connected PCIe and DisplayPort devices for transmission via one duplex Thunderbolt lane, then de-multiplex them for use by PCIe and DisplayPort devices on the other end. A single Thunderbolt port supports up to six Thunderbolt devices via hubs or daisy chains; as many of these as the host has DP sources may be Thunderbolt monitors.
A single Mini DisplayPort monitor or other device of any kind may be connected directly or at the very end of the chain. Thunderbolt is interoperable with DP-1.1a compatible devices. When connected to a DP-compatible device, the Thunderbolt port can provide a native DisplayPort signal with four lanes of output data at no more than 5.4 Gbit/s per Thunderbolt lane. When connected to a Thunderbolt device, the per-lane data rate becomes 10 Gbit/s and the four Thunderbolt lanes are configured as two duplex lanes, each 10 Gbit/s comprising one lane of input and one lane of output.
Thunderbolt can be implemented on PCIe graphics cards, which have access to DisplayPort data and PCIe connectivity, or on the motherboard of new computers with onboard video, such as the MacBook Air.
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