Leo III (pope)
| Leo III | |
|---|---|
Lateran Palace mosaic c. 799
|
|
| Papacy began | 27 December 795 |
| Papacy ended | 12 June 816 |
| Predecessor | Adrian I |
| Successor | Stephen IV |
| Created Cardinal | by Adrian I |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Rome, Exarchate of Ravenna, Roman Empire |
| Died |
12 June 816 (aged 66) Rome |
| Previous post | Cardinal-Priest of Santa Susanna (???-795) |
| Sainthood | |
| Feast day | 12 June |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Canonized | 1673 by Pope Clement X |
| Attributes |
|
Pope Saint Leo III (d. June 12, 816) was Pope from December 26, 795 to his death in 816. Protected by Charlemagne from his enemies in Rome, he subsequently strengthened Charlemagne's position by crowning him Holy Roman Emperor and "Augustus of the Romans".
Leo was a of a modest family in southern Italy, the son of Atyuppius and Elizabeth. At the time of his election he was Cardinal-Priest of Santa Susanna, and seemingly also vestiarius, or chief of the pontifical treasury, or wardrobe.
He was elected on the very day his predecessor, Adrian I, was buried (26 Dec., 795), and consecrated on the following day. It is quite possible that this haste may have been due to a desire on the part of the Romans to anticipate any interference of the Franks with their freedom of election. With the letter informing Charlemagne that he had been unanimously elected pope, Leo sent him the keys of the confession of St. Peter, and the standard of the city, and requested an envoy. This he did to show that he regarded the Frankish king as the protector of the Holy See.
In return he received from Charlemagne letters of congratulation and a great part of the treasure which the king had captured from the Avars. The acquisition of this wealth enabled Leo to be a great benefactor to the churches and charitable institutions of Rome. While Charlemagne's letter is respectful and even affectionate, it also exhibits his concept of the coordination of the spiritual and temporal powers, nor does he hesitate to remind the pope of his grave spiritual obligations. Charlemagne's reply stated that it was his function to defend the Church, and the function of the Pope to pray for the realm and for the victory of his army.
Prompted by jealousy or ambition, or the thought that only someone of the nobility should hold the office of Pope, a number of the relatives of Pope Adrian I formed a plot to render Leo unfit to hold his sacred office. On the occasion of the procession of the Greater Litanies (25 April, 799), when the pope was making his way towards the Flaminian Gate, he was suddenly attacked by a body of armed men. He was dashed to the ground, and an effort was made to root out his tongue and tear out his eyes which left him injured and unconscious. He was rescued by two of the king's missus dominicus, who came with a considerable force. The Duke of Spoleto sheltered the fugitive pope, who went later to Paderborn, where the king's camp then was. He was received by the Frankish king with the greatest honour at Paderborn. This meeting forms the basis of the epic poem Karolus Magnus et Leo Papa.
...
Wikipedia