Leivithra

Leivithra or Leibethra (Greek: Λείβηθρα or Λίβηθρα) was an ancient Macedonian city at the foot of Mount Olympus, near the present location of Skotina. Archaeologists have discovered tombs there from the late Bronze Age (13th-12th century BC) containing rich burial objects.  

According to Greek mythology, depending on the source consulted, Orpheus is said to have been born in Leivithra, to have been buried there, or to have lived in the city only temporarily.

Leivithra is located at the eastern foot of Mount Olympus in the Macedonian part of central Greece. It is about four kilometers from the coast and two kilometers north of the village of Skotina. The city compriases the acropolis, which reaches an altitude of 130 meters, and the plain below it stretching towards the sea. The excavation site covers an area of 150 hectares, 1.5 of which belong to the fortified acropolis. The acropolis is bordered by the Griva and Kavourolaka rivers, which flow into the Ziliana river.

Leivithra means canals in Greek as well as the Roman toponym Canalia. The excavations so far confirm that the acropolis was inhabited from the 8th century to the 1st century BC. The surrounding area was inhabited at least since the Bronze Age. In approximately 169 BC, the Romans held their army camp in the plain between Herakleion (now Platamonas) and Leivithra. Coming from Thessaly, they began their campaign, which ended in the conquest of Macedonia.

In the 19th century, the Frenchman Léon Heuzey defined the location of ancient Leivithra. In 1914 the location was confirmed by his countryman André Plassart.

Findings from the time of the last settlement date from the year 100 BC. What ultimately caused the destruction of the settlement is still unclear. According to the latest findings, it is thought to have been an earthquake, possibly in connection with subsequent flooding.

The acropolis was only dug randomly. The vast majority remains untouched. Excavated silver coins were predominantly of Macedonian origin, but coins from other parts of Greece have been unearthed. Also found were small clay vessels, large clay storage containers, fragments of metal work and arrow and spear tips. A weight of lead was found bearing the inscription ΛΕΙΒΗ (LEIVI).

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Wikipedia