Leander-class frigate
HMS Apollo, 1976
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| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name: | Leander class |
| Operators: | |
| Preceded by: | |
| Succeeded by: | Type 21 frigate |
| In commission: | 1963 - present |
| Completed: | 26 |
| Active: | 0 |
| Lost: | 0 |
| Retired: | 26 (3 as artificial reefs, 2 as targets) |
| General characteristics | |
| Type: | Frigate |
| Displacement: |
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| Length: | 113.4 metres (372 ft) |
| Beam: | 12.5 metres (41 ft), broad-beamed 13.1 metres (43 ft) |
| Draught: | 4.5 metres (15 ft) normal, 5.5 metres (18 ft) deep, broad-beamed 5.5 metres (18 ft) (later 5.8 metres (19 ft)) deep |
| Propulsion: | 2 Babcock & Wilcox oil-fired boilers, geared steam turbines, 22,370 kilowatts (30,000 hp), 2 shafts |
| Speed: | 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph) |
| Range: | 7,400 kilometres (4,600 mi; 4,000 nmi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) |
| Complement: | 260 |
| Sensors and processing systems: |
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| Armament: |
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| Aircraft carried: |
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The Leander-class, or Type 12M frigates, comprising twenty-six vessels, was among the most numerous and long-lived classes of frigate in the Royal Navy's modern history. The class was built in three batches between 1959 and 1973. It had an unusually high public profile, due to the popular BBC television drama series Warship. The Leander silhouette became synonymous with the Royal Navy through the 1960s until the 1980s. As of February 2015[update], only two Leander class frigates survive, serving in the Ecuadorian Navy. The Leander design or derivatives of it were built for other navies:
On 7 March 1960, the Civil Lord of the Admiralty C. Ian Orr-Ewing stated that the "Type 12 Whitby-class anti-submarine frigates are proving particularly successful ... and we have decided to exploit their good qualities in an improved and more versatile ship. This improved Type 12 will be known as the Leander class. The hull and steam turbine machinery will be substantially the same as for the Whitbys. The main new features planned are a long-range air warning radar, the Seacat anti-aircraft guided missile, improved anti-submarine detection equipment and a light-weight helicopter armed with homing torpedoes. We shall also introduce air conditioning and better living conditions." The 1963 edition of Jane's Fighting Ships described it as a "mainly anti-submarine but flexible and all purpose type".
"The Leander class have the same hull and substantially the same steam turbine machinery as the Whitby class, but are a revised and advanced design and will fulfil a composite anti-submarine, anti-aircraft and air direction role. The 40mm guns will eventually be replaced by Seacat ship-to-air launchers. The ships are equipped with VDS (Variable Depth Sonar), formerly known as dipping asdic."
The Y160 boiler variant used on the Batch 3 Leanders (such as Jupiter) also incorporated steam atomisation equipment on the fuel supply so the diesel fuel entering the boilers via the three main burners was atomised into a fine spray for better flame efficiency. Some ships with Y100 Boilers were also converted to steam atomisation, HMS Cleopatra being one of them. The superheat temperature of the Y160 was controlled manually by the boiler room petty officer of the watch between 750–850 °F (399–454 °C) and the steam supplied to the main turbines was at a pressure of 550 psi (3,800 kPa). The Leander-class frigates did have Babcock & Wilcox boilers but of a more conventional two-drum design, one water drum and one steam drum, much like a Yarrow boiler without the second water drum. The water drum was offset to one side and below the furnace and steam drum. The two boilers fitted were 'handed' with the water drum inboard on both. Many Leanders had six burner furnaces (known as Five and a Half Boilers) and the output was varied by altering the number of burners in use.
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Wikipedia