Le Roman de Renard

Reynard (Dutch: Reinaert; French: Renard; German: Reineke or Reinicke; Latin: Renartus) is the main character in a literary cycle of allegorical Dutch, English, French and German fables. Those stories are largely concerned with Reynard, an anthropomorphic red fox and trickster figure. His adventures usually involve him deceiving other anthropomorphic animals for his own advantage or trying to avoid retaliations from them. His main enemy and victim across the cycle is his uncle, the wolf Isengrim (or Ysengrim). While the character of Reynard appears in later works, the core stories were written during the Middle Ages by multiple authors and are often seen as parodies of medieval literature such as courtly love stories and chansons de geste, as well as a satire of political and religious institutions.

The name Reynard originates from the Germanic man's name Reginhard, a typical dithematic name. Its two elements are regin, meaning "counsel", and hard, meaning "hard, i.e. strong". Its surface meaning "strong of counsel" thus identifies the bearer as wise, clever, or resourceful. The name Regin was also borne by a god of the old Germanic religion, offering for Reginhard the reading "made hard by Regin". With the disuse of the old Germanic religion, the name may have later been interpreted as "rain-hard" meaning "staying steady under a rain of blows from weapons in battle" or similar.

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